| Language | UK English |
| Inclusion criteria | Anomia; good single word comprehension; relatively spared word and nonword repetition; no AoS; spared or partially spared L IFG |
| Number of individuals with aphasia | 18 |
| Number of control participants | 0 |
| Were any of the participants included in any previous studies? | No |
| Is age reported for patients and controls, and matched? | Yes (mean 50 ± 12 years, range 21-67 years) |
| Is sex reported for patients and controls, and matched? | Yes (males: 12; females: 6) |
| Is handedness reported for patients and controls, and matched? | Yes (right: 18; left: 0) |
| Is time post stroke onset reported and appropriate to the study design? | Yes (mean 61 ± 58 months, range 5-264 months) |
| To what extent is the nature of aphasia characterized? | Not at all |
| Language evaluation | BNT, one CAT subtest, two PALPA subtests |
| Aphasia severity | Not stated |
| Aphasia type | Not stated |
| First stroke only? | Yes |
| Stroke type | Not stated |
| To what extent is the lesion distribution characterized? | Lesion overlay |
| Lesion extent | Not stated |
| Lesion location | L MCA |
| Participants notes | — |
| Modality | fMRI |
| Is the study cross-sectional or longitudinal? | Longitudinal—chronic treatment |
| If longitudinal, at what time point(s) were imaging data acquired? | T1: pre-treatment/chronic; T2: post-treatment, ~6 weeks later |
| If longitudinal, was there any intervention between the time points? | Anomia treatment (computer-based practice), 2+ hours/day, 6 weeks |
| Is the scanner described? | Yes (Siemens Trio 3 Tesla) |
| Is the timing of stimulus presentation and image acquisition clearly described and appropriate? | Yes |
| Design type | Event-related |
| Total images acquired | 696 |
| Are the imaging acquisition parameters, including coverage, adequately described and appropriate? | Yes (whole brain) |
| Is preprocessing and intrasubject coregistration adequately described and appropriate? | Yes |
| Is first level model fitting adequately described and appropriate? | Yes |
| Is intersubject normalization adequately described and appropriate? | Yes |
| Imaging notes | — |
| Condition | Response type | Repetitions | All groups could do? | All individuals could do? |
|---|
| picture naming (untrained items, word cue) | Word (overt) | 54 | Yes | Unknown |
| picture naming (untrained items, initial phonemes cue) | Word (overt) | 54 | Yes | Unknown |
| picture naming (untrained items, final phonemes cue) | Word (overt) | 54 | Yes | Unknown |
| picture naming (untrained items, no cue) | Word (overt) | 54 | Yes | Unknown |
| picture naming (trained items, word cue) | Word (overt) | 53 | Yes | Unknown |
| picture naming (trained items, initial phonemes cue) | Word (overt) | 53 | Yes | Unknown |
| picture naming (trained items, final phonemes cue) | Word (overt) | 53 | Yes | Unknown |
| picture naming (trained items, no cue) | Word (overt) | 53 | Yes | Unknown |
| rest | None | implicit baseline | N/A | N/A |
| Language condition | Picture naming (all conditions, correct trials) |
| Control condition | Rest |
| Are the conditions matched for visual demands? | No |
| Are the conditions matched for auditory demands? | No |
| Are the conditions matched for motor demands? | No |
| Are the conditions matched for cognitive/executive demands? | No |
| Is accuracy matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups? | N/A, tasks not comparable |
| Is reaction time matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups? | N/A, tasks not comparable |
| Behavioral data notes | — |
| Are control data reported in this paper or another that is referenced? | No |
| Does the contrast selectively activate plausible relevant language regions in the control group? | Unknown |
| Are activations lateralized in the control data? | Unknown |
| Control activation notes | — |
| Contrast notes | It is difficult to determine exactly what contrasts were employed |
| Language condition | Picture naming (untrained items, no cue, correct trials) |
| Control condition | Picture naming (trained items, no cue, correct trials) |
| Are the conditions matched for visual demands? | Yes |
| Are the conditions matched for auditory demands? | Yes |
| Are the conditions matched for motor demands? | Yes |
| Are the conditions matched for cognitive/executive demands? | Yes |
| Is accuracy matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups? | Yes, correct trials only |
| Is reaction time matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups? | No, different |
| Behavioral data notes | Untrained items significantly slower at T2 |
| Are control data reported in this paper or another that is referenced? | No |
| Does the contrast selectively activate plausible relevant language regions in the control group? | Unknown |
| Are activations lateralized in the control data? | Unknown |
| Control activation notes | — |
| Contrast notes | It is difficult to determine exactly what contrasts were employed |
| First level contrast | Picture naming (untrained items, no cue, correct trials) vs picture naming (trained items, no cue, correct trials) |
| Analysis class | Cross-sectional correlation with language or other measure |
| Group(s) | Aphasia T2 |
| Covariate | "a change in un-cued naming RT" (exact measure unclear) |
| Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved? | Somewhat (unclear whether behavioral measure is longitudinal) |
| Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast? | Yes, correct trials only |
| Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast? | Unknown, not reported |
| Behavioral data notes | — |
| Type of analysis | Regions of interest (ROI) |
| ROI type | Functional |
| How many ROIs are there? | 4 |
| What are the ROI(s)? | (1) R anterior insula; (2) R IFG; (3) dorsal anterior cingulate; (4) L premotor cortex |
| How are the ROI(s) defined? | Peaks (only with SVC) for the main effect of untrained (4 conditions) vs trained (4 conditions) in T2 aphasia |
| Correction for multiple comparisons | No correction |
| Statistical details | Unclear what the behavioral measure was exactly |
| Findings | ↑ R IFG pars opercularis
↑ R insula |
| Findings notes | — |
