| Language | Dutch |
| Inclusion criteria | Severe non-fluent aphasia (< 50 words/minute); articulation deficits; repetition severely affected; moderate-good auditory comprehension |
| Number of individuals with aphasia | 9 |
| Number of control participants | 0 |
| Were any of the participants included in any previous studies? | No |
| Is age reported for patients and controls, and matched? | Yes (subacute: mean 51.2 years, range 25-61 years; chronic: mean 54.0 years, range 21-66 years) |
| Is sex reported for patients and controls, and matched? | Yes (males: 5; females: 4) |
| Is handedness reported for patients and controls, and matched? | Yes (right: 8; left: 0; other: 1) |
| Is time post stroke onset reported and appropriate to the study design? | Yes (subacute: range 0.5-3 months; chronic: range 17-40 months) |
| To what extent is the nature of aphasia characterized? | Comprehensive battery |
| Language evaluation | AAT, ANELT |
| Aphasia severity | T1: subacute: ASRS median 1, range 0-2; ANELT range 10-29; chronic: ASRS median 1.5, range 1-2; ANELT range 20-29; T2: subacute: ASRS range 1-3; ANELT range 10-43; chronic: ASRS range 1-2; ANELT range 22-31 |
| Aphasia type | T1: all severe non-fluent; T2: not stated |
| First stroke only? | Not stated |
| Stroke type | Not stated |
| To what extent is the lesion distribution characterized? | Extent and location |
| Lesion extent | Subacute: range 32.4-141.2 cc (no lesion extent was reported for one subacute participant because there was no tissue loss yet); chronic: range 27.4-87.9 cc |
| Lesion location | 8 L MCA, 1 L SMA and R insular-temporoparietal |
| Participants notes | — |
| Modality | fMRI |
| Is the study cross-sectional or longitudinal? | Longitudinal—mixed |
| If longitudinal, at what time point(s) were imaging data acquired? | T1: pre treatment/subacute or chronic; T2: post-treatment, ~6 weeks later |
| If longitudinal, was there any intervention between the time points? | MIT, 5+ hours/week |
| Is the scanner described? | No (GE 3 Tesla; model not stated) |
| Is the timing of stimulus presentation and image acquisition clearly described and appropriate? | Yes |
| Design type | Block |
| Total images acquired | 132 |
| Are the imaging acquisition parameters, including coverage, adequately described and appropriate? | Yes (whole brain) |
| Is preprocessing and intrasubject coregistration adequately described and appropriate? | Yes |
| Is first level model fitting adequately described and appropriate? | Yes |
| Is intersubject normalization adequately described and appropriate? | No (lesion impact not addressed) |
| Imaging notes | — |
| Language condition | Listening to narrative speech |
| Control condition | Listening to reversed speech |
| Are the conditions matched for visual demands? | Yes |
| Are the conditions matched for auditory demands? | Yes |
| Are the conditions matched for motor demands? | Yes |
| Are the conditions matched for cognitive/executive demands? | Yes |
| Is accuracy matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups? | N/A, no behavioral measure |
| Is reaction time matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups? | N/A, no timeable task |
| Behavioral data notes | — |
| Are control data reported in this paper or another that is referenced? | No |
| Does the contrast selectively activate plausible relevant language regions in the control group? | Unknown |
| Are activations lateralized in the control data? | Unknown |
| Control activation notes | — |
| Contrast notes | — |
| First level contrast | Listening to narrative speech vs listening to reversed speech |
| Analysis class | Cross-sectional correlation with language or other measure |
| Group(s) | Aphasia T1 |
| Covariate | Lesion volume |
| Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved? | Yes |
| Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no behavioral measure |
| Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no timeable task |
| Behavioral data notes | — |
| Type of analysis | Region of interest (ROI) |
| ROI type | Laterality indi(ces) |
| How many ROIs are there? | 1 |
| What are the ROI(s)? | Language network LI |
| How are the ROI(s) defined? | Activations that were "not clearly related to known language areas" were excluded, but the basis for this determination is not clear |
| Correction for multiple comparisons | One only |
| Statistical details | — |
| Findings | None |
| Findings notes | — |
| First level contrast | Listening to narrative speech vs listening to reversed speech |
| Analysis class | Longitudinal correlation with language or other measure |
| Group(s) | Aphasia T2 vs T1 |
| Covariate | Lesion volume |
| Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved? | Yes |
| Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no behavioral measure |
| Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no timeable task |
| Behavioral data notes | — |
| Type of analysis | Region of interest (ROI) |
| ROI type | Laterality indi(ces) |
| How many ROIs are there? | 1 |
| What are the ROI(s)? | Language network LI |
| How are the ROI(s) defined? | Activations that were "not clearly related to known language areas" were excluded, but the basis for this determination is not clear |
| Correction for multiple comparisons | One only |
| Statistical details | — |
| Findings | None |
| Findings notes | — |
| First level contrast | Listening to narrative speech vs listening to reversed speech |
| Analysis class | Longitudinal correlation with language or other measure |
| Group(s) | Aphasia T2 vs T1 |
| Covariate | Δ AAT repetition score |
| Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved? | Yes |
| Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no behavioral measure |
| Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no timeable task |
| Behavioral data notes | — |
| Type of analysis | Region of interest (ROI) |
| ROI type | Laterality indi(ces) |
| How many ROIs are there? | 1 |
| What are the ROI(s)? | Language network LI |
| How are the ROI(s) defined? | Activations that were "not clearly related to known language areas" were excluded, but the basis for this determination is not clear |
| Correction for multiple comparisons | One only |
| Statistical details | — |
| Findings | None |
| Findings notes | — |
| First level contrast | Listening to narrative speech vs listening to reversed speech |
| Analysis class | Longitudinal correlation with language or other measure |
| Group(s) | Aphasia T2 vs T1 |
| Covariate | Δ ANELT |
| Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved? | Yes |
| Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no behavioral measure |
| Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast? | N/A, no timeable task |
| Behavioral data notes | — |
| Type of analysis | Region of interest (ROI) |
| ROI type | Laterality indi(ces) |
| How many ROIs are there? | 1 |
| What are the ROI(s)? | Language network LI |
| How are the ROI(s) defined? | Activations that were "not clearly related to known language areas" were excluded, but the basis for this determination is not clear |
| Correction for multiple comparisons | One only |
| Statistical details | — |
| Findings | None |
| Findings notes | — |
